Electrical World

Full-Wave Bridge Rectifier                      A Full-Wave Bridge Rectifier is a circuit arrangement which makes use of both half cycles of input alternating current (AC) and converts them to direct current (DC) .In full-wave bridge rectifier we used four diode in the form of a bridge as shown in the diagram below.  Comparison of FW-Bridge rectifier With Center Tapped Transformer                      The FW-bridge rectifier uses four diodes instead of two but the it eliminated the need of a center-tapped transformer.The PIV-rating of the diode used in FW- Bridge rectifier should be better than Vmax rather than 2Vmax if we compared it with FW-rectifier with a center-tapped transformer.This means that the diodes used in FW-bridge rectifiers are cheap as diodes of high PIV-rating are always more expensive used in FW-Rectifier with center tapped transformer ,this is b...

Electromagnetic Induction Magnetism and Electricity                Whenever an electrical current flows through a conductor a magnetic field is establish in the space which surrounds the conductor.In other words we can say that when electrons are in motion they produce a magnetic field.                  when we place a moving conductor inside the magnetic field ,electrons are starts flowing inside the conductor.The phenomena of current produced E.M.F. .When a conductor cut magnetic field or a conductor placed in a changing magnetic field is known as electromagnetic Induction. Production of Induced E.M.F. and Current Condition 1               In this condition our coil is fix and we will move the magnet.The arrangement is shown in the  fig.(a ). When both coil and magnet are stationary we will observe no deflection in the galvanometer.When we bring the...

Full-Wave Rectifiers                There are two types of full-wave rectifier circuits.one is uses two diodes with a center tapped transformer and the transformer have equal turns Ns1 and Ns2 of the secondary windings which is shown in the fig. below The second type of FW-rectifier is having bridge-rectifier circuit and uses four diodes and it does not require a center-tapped transformer it only have simple transformer. fig. Comparison of HW Rectifiers and FW  Rectifiers                  The FW-rectifier circuits are better if we compare with HW rectifier circuits in all most all respects.FW-rectifiers have double the value of dc voltage delivered to load their efficiency is also double and their ripple factor is low.Due to these reasons FW-rectifiers are preferred over HW-rectifiers. Simple FW-Rectifier with Center-Tapped Transformer fig        ...

Diode                Diode is a semiconductor device having two terminals typically allowing the flow of current in one direction only.One important application of diode is in rectifier circuits.Rectifiers converts cheaply available mains(ac) power supply voltage in a dc power supply.Electronic circuits such as television,receivers,radio and many more need a dc power supply. Rectifiers                 We have main three types of rectifier circuits. Half wave rectifier circuits. Full wave bridge rectifier circuit. Full wave rectifier with center tapped transformer. Half Wave rectified        fig.                          A basic half wave rectifier circuit is show in the diagram in which                                ...

Introduction                  A capacitor consists of two conducting surfaces separated by a layer of an insulating medium called dielectric.The conducting surfaces may be in the form of either circular plates or be of spherical or cylindrical shape.                   The purpose of a capacitor is to store electrical energy by electrostatic stress in the dielectric. Capacitance of a Capacitor                   The property of a capacitor to store electricity/charge may be called its capacitance.The capacitance of a capacitor is defined as the amount of charge required to create a unit potential difference between its plates.                     If Q is the charge in coulomb to one of the two plated of a capacitor and V is the potential difference in volts between two plates then its capacitance...

Potential Transformer                We can define Potential Transformer as an instrument transformer used for the transformation of voltage from a high value to the lower value,In fact potential transformer step down the voltage to a safe limit value which we can easily measured by the ordinary low voltage instrument like a voltmeter,watt meter and watt-hour meter etc.                 Potential transformer is a step down transformer which lower the voltage circuit.Potential transformer are connected across or parallel to the line which is being measured to record phase angle error or ratio errors. Construction of Single Phase PT       Core                  Core of Potential transformer may be core type or shell type .In core type transformer the windings surrounding the core and in the shell type transformer the core surrounded the windi...

Introduction                A Current Transformer(CT) is a type of transformer that is used to reduce or multiply an alternating current (AC) (used along with measuring or protective device).It produces a current in its secondary which is proportional to the current in its primary. Function of Current Transformer                The current transformers are basically a step up transformers.In case of high magnitude supplies we can not connected the measuring devices directly.we used current transformer to the supply of those devices with currents of magnitude proportional to these of power.Current transformer also isolates the measuring instruments from the high voltage circuits.current transformers supply the protective relays with current of magnitude proportional to those of power circuit but sufficiently reduce in magnitude. Construction of Current Transformer          ...

Introduction to PLC                A Programmable logic controller or PLC is a computer like structure used for industrial automation.It can control a specific machine or whole production line lighting in the building fire alarms ,CCTV cameras or lots of other things. Working Of  PLC                The PLC receives information from connected sensors or input devices processes the data and triggers the out puts based on pre-programmed parameters.                 Depending on inputs and outputs a PLC can monitor and record run time data such as machine productivity,Operation,Operating temperature ,automatically stop and start,generate alarms. Now a days PLC is used in lots of application and due to its flexible features it become the part of almost all industries. Main Components Of a PLC Processor or central processing unit(CPU). Rack or mounting....